
1590s	1600s	1610s	1620s	1630s	1640s	1650s	1660s	1670s

Extended chronological table
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1640s
1640
1640, Mar. 11:	Franciscus van den Enden marries Clara Maria Vermeeren at Antwerp.
1640, Mar. 13:	The Dutch conquer Galle on Ceylon.
1640, Mar. 30:	Peter Paul Rubens dies at Antwerp.
1640, Apr. 13:	In England the Short Parliament assembles and is prepared to vote a huge subsidy to pay for the war against Scotland, but it is dissolved after three weeks, as Charles I hopes to get a loan from Philip IV of Spain.
1640, Jun. 7:	An uprising in Barcelona marks the start of the long but unsuccessful Catalonian war of independence, which was supported by France.
1640, Aug. 30:	An army under Louis XIII conquers Arras.
1640, Aug. 30:	Scottish covenanters enter Newcastle, after having defeated a royal army.
1640, Nov. 3:	A desperate Charles I assembles Parliament, which will continue to function until April 1653 (Long Parliament).
1640, Dec. 1:	Portugal, at the time a part of the Spanish monarchy, is ordered to fight against the Catalonian rebels, but instead it revolts and the Duke of Bragança is declared king.

	Cornelius Jansenius, Augustinus, Leuven: Jacobus Zegers.
	Blaise Pascal, Essai pour les côniques, Paris: s.n.
	Imago primi saeculi societatis Iesu a provincia Flandro-Belgica, Antwerp: Balthasar Moretus.
1641
1641, Mar. 1:	Archbishop Laud is imprisoned in the Tower of London.
1641, May 2:	The Dutch conquer Malakka.
1641, May 2:	William II of Nassau marries Mary Henrietta Stuart, the Princess Royal, at London.
1641, Jun. 25:	The Dutch settle the artificial island Deshima in the Nagasaki Bay, from where they will have a trade monopoly with Japan that lasts over 200 years.
1641, Jun. 29:	Franciscus van den Enden is present when the inventory is made of the estate of Tobias Mittendorff, an uncle by marriage of Clara Maria Vermeeren.
1641, Jul. 27:	Frederick Henry captures Gennep.
1641, Aug. 20:	Clara Maria van den Enden is baptized at Antwerp.
1641, Oct. 23:	Catholics in Ulster rebel against Protestant colonists.
1641, Nov. 9:	Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand, governor of the Spanish Netherlands, dies at Brussels and is replaced by an interim governor, Francisco de Melo.
1641, Dec. 9:	Anthony van Dyck dies at London.

	Bartholomeus de los Rios y Alarcon, Hierarchia Mariana, Antwerp: Balthasar Moretus.
	René Descartes, Meditationes de prima philosophia, Paris: Michel Soly.
1642
1642, Jan. 8:	Galileo Galilei, still under house arrest, dies at Arcetri, Tuscany.
1642, Jan. 15:	Francisco de Melo makes his entry into Brussels.
1642, Feb.:	Henrietta Maria, the wife of Charles I, travels to the Dutch Republic to raise money and troops.
1642, Aug. 22:	Charles I sets up his standard in Nottingham, thus formally beginning the English Civil War.
1642, Sep. 19:	Perpignan capitulates to French troops, who now have a foothold on Spanish territory.
1642, Nov. 24:	Abel Tasman discovers Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania).
1642, Dec. 4:	Cardinal de Richelieu dies at Paris.
1642, Dec. 13:	Abel Tasman discovers NewZealand.
1642, Dec. 22:	The bull In eminenti by Urban VIII condemns Jansenism.

	Thomas Hobbes, De cive, Paris: s.n.
	Dirck Graswinckel, De jure majestatis dissertatio, The Hague: Dirck Maire.
	Jacobus Bontius, De medicina Indorum, Leiden: Franciscus Hackius.
1643
1643, Jan. 19:	Abel Tasman discovers the Tongan Islands.
1643, Jan. 23:	The Spanish chief minister Olivares falls from grace.
1643, Feb. 6:	Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji Islands.
1643, Feb. 25:	After several earlier incidents, Kieft orders Dutch soldiers to massacre some 120 Algonquian Indians near Manhattan, thus starting the Kieft War.
1643, May 14:	Louis XIII of France dies, leaving the throne to the four-year-old Louis XIV, with Cardinal Mazarin acting as de facto ruler of France.
1643, May 19:	The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth, Connecticut and New Haven form a confederacy.
1643, May 19:	A French army under Louis II de Bourbon, the future Prince de Condé, defeats a Spanish army under Francisco de Melo in the Battle of Rocroi. The French victory puts an end to the idea that the Spanish tercios (infantry) were invincible and marked the rise of French military predominance.
1643, Jul. 26:	The philosopher Burchard de Volder is born at Amsterdam.
1643, Autumn:	Indians burn most farms in the Manhattan area and kill many Dutch colonists.
1643, Dec. 30:	Franciscus and Martinus van den Enden are accused of dishonest commercial practices by Michiel Claphouwers.

	Martinus Schoockius, Admiranda methodvs novæ philosophiæ Renati Des Cartes, Utrecht: Johannes Janssonius van Waesberge.
1644
1644, May:	John Maurice, until recently Dutch governor of Brazil, returns home.
1644, May 24:	Emmanuel de Moura Cortreal, Marquis of Castel Rodrigo, is appointed interim governor of the Spanish Netherlands.
1644, Apr.:	Dutch soldiers wipe out an Indian village in Connecticut.
1644, Jul. 2:	The Battle of Marston Moor swings the English Civil War in favour of Parliament.
1644, Jul. 28:	The French capture Gravelines, after a siege with assistance from a Dutch fleet.
1644, Jul. 29:	Urban VIII dies at Rome.
1644, Sep. 5:	The besieged Sas van Gent capitulates to Frederick Henry.
1644, Sep. 15:	Pope Innocent X is elected.
1644, Sep. 20:	Francisco de Melo leaves the Spanish Netherlands and is replaced by the Marquis of Castel-Rodrigo.
1644, Oct. 23:	A combined Swedish-Dutch fleet defeats a Danish fleet in the Battle of Femern.
1644, Oct. 28:	The policy of Kieft, director of New Netherland, is openly attacked in a letter to the directors of the West India Company written by the New Amsterdam Council of Eight.
1644, Dec. 30:	The philosopher Joan Baptista van Helmont, father of Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont, dies at Brussels.

	René Descartes, Principia philosophiæ, Amsterdam: Louis Elzevier.
	Roger Williams, The Blovdy Tenent, of Persecution, s.l. [London]: s.n.
	Evangelista Torricelli, Opera geometrica, Florence.
1645
1645, Jan. 10:	The Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, is executed in London.
1645, Feb. 9:	The Jesuit general Mutius Vitelleschi dies at Rome.
1645, Summer:	A large Dutch fleet sails through the Danish Sound without paying tolls, thus forcing the Danes to lower their tariffs.
1645, Summer:	The French conquer several places in Artois, including Armentières.
1645, Jun. 14:	Cromwell defeats the royalist army at the Battle of Naseby.
1645, Jul. 5:	The Spanish representative for the peace talks, the Count of Peñaranda, arrives at Münster, in present Germany.
1645, Aug. 28:	The jurist and philosopher Hugo Grotius dies at Rostock, in present Germany.
1645, Aug. 30:	Director Kieft signs a peace agreement with the Indians, but by now New Netherland is in a ruinous state.

	Adam Boreel, Ad legem, et ad testimonivm, s.l.: s.n.
1646
1646, Jan.:	The Dutch representative for the peace talks, Adriaen Pauw, arrives in Münster.
1646, Feb.:	The future King Charles II leaves England.
1646, May 5:	Charles I surrenders to a Scottish army.
1646, Jul. 1:	The philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is born in Leipzig, in present Germany.
1646, Aug. 6:	French troops conquer Veurne.

	Henricus Regius, Fundamenta physices, Amsterdam: Louis Elzevier.
	Johann Rudolph Glauber, Furni novi philosophici, Amsterdam: Hans Fabel.
1647
1647, Jan.:	The Scottish hand over Charles I to Parliament for money.
1647, Mar. 14:	Fredrick Henry of Nassau, Prince of Orange, dies and is succeeded by William II.
1647, Apr.:	Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria is appointed governor of the Spanish Netherlands.
1647, May 3:	The poet Johannes Antonides van der Goes is born at Goes.
1647, May 11:	Peter Stuyvesant arrives in New Amsterdam to replace director-general Kieft.
1647, Jul. 7:	Naples revolts against Spanish rule.
1647, Sep. 1:	The theologian and philosopher Frederik van Leenhof is baptized at Middelburg.
1647, Oct. 25:	Evangelista Torricelli dies at Florence, Tuscany.

	Blaise Pascal, Expériences nouvelles touchant le vuide, Paris: P. Margat.
	Johannes Hevelius, Selenographia, Danzig: Hünefeld.
	Gregoire de Saint-Vincent, Opvs geometricvm qvadratvrae circvli et sectionvm coni, Antwerp: Johannes & Jacobus Meursius.
	Caspar Barlaeus, Rervm per octennivm in Brasilia, Amsterdam: Johannes Blaeu.
1648
1648, Jan. 8:	The French Parlement opposes the financial plans of Cardinal Mazarin and Anne of Austria, the regent, marking the start of the Fronde of the Parlement.
1648, Jan. 30:	The Peace Treaty of Münster ends the Thirty Years' War (Treaty of Westphalia).
1648, Feb. 28:	The Danish King Christian IV dies in Copenhagen and is succeeded by Frederick III.
1648, Apr. 4:	The States General, against the advice of Prince William II, ratifies the Peace Treaty of Münster.
1648, Apr. 12:	The University of Harderwijk opens.
1648, Aug.:	There are riots in Paris, as the Fronde spreads.
1648, Aug. 21:	The Spanish are crushed by the French at the Battle of Lens.
1648, Sep. 19:	Blaise Pascal's experiment of the Puy-de-Dôme confirms Torricelli's theory on the weight of air.
1648, Oct. 24:	The Peace Treaty of Osnabrück ends the Eighty Years' War (Treaty of Westphalia).
1648, Oct. 27:	Anna and Adriana Clementina van den Enden are baptized at the Posthoorn, Amsterdam.

	Anna Maria van Schurman, Opuscula Hebræa, Græca, Latina, Gallica, Leiden: Bonaventura & Abraham Elzevier.
	Johannes Cocceius, Summa doctrina de foedere et testamento Dei, Leiden: Elzevier.
1649
1649, Jan. 12:	The Frondeurs capture the Bastille and the Arsenal, thus controlling Paris.
1649, Jan. 20:	The trial against Charles I begins.
1649, Jan. 30:	King Charles I is executed in London.
1649, Mar. 11:	The Peace of Rueil ends hostilities between the Frondeurs and the French Court.
1649, Jun. 4:	The States of Holland decide to reduce the size of the army, a decision much resented by Prince William II.
1649, Sep. 21:	The Maryland Toleration Act is passed.
1649, Oct. 10:	An inventory is made of the estate of the recently deceased Leonard van Beyeren, a pupil of Rembrandt who lived in the Van den Enden's house in Amsterdam.

	René Descartes, Les passion de lâme, Amsterdam: Louis Elzevier.
	Jacob Steendam, Den distel-vink, Amsterdam: Hendrick Doncker, Pieter Dircksz Boeteman & Gerrit van Goedesberg.
	I.A. G.W.C., Breeden-Raedt , Antwerp: Francoys van Duynen [false impressum].