
1590s	1600s	1610s	1620s	1630s	1640s	1650s	1660s	1670s

Extended chronological table
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1650s
1650
1650, Jan. 18:	The Prince de Condé is arrested, marking the start of the Fronde of the Princes.
1650, Feb. 26:	The philosopher René Descartes dies at Stockholm.
1650, Apr. 4:	Jacobus van den Enden is baptized at the Posthoorn, Amsterdam.
1650, May 1:	Charles II signs the Treaty of Breda: in return for Scottish help he takes the Oath of the Covenant.
1650, Jun. 23:	Charles II lands in Scotland.
1650, Jul. 30:	Prince William II has his opponents, including Jacob de Witt, the father of Johan de Witt, arrested; at the same time his cousin Frederick Henry tries to occupy Amsterdam.
1650, Jul. 31:	As the attempt to take Amsterdam by surprise had failed, William II besieges the city.
1650, Aug. 1:	Amsterdam is willing to negotiate with William II and agrees to dismiss the brothers Bicker as burgomasters.
1650, Sep. 3:	Oliver Cromwell crushes the Scottish army at Dunbar.
1650, Nov. 6:	William II of Nassau, Prince of Orange, dies of smallpox and has no immediate successor, as his son William III is not yet born, marking the start of the Stadholderless period (1650-1672).
1650, Dec. 8:	The States of Holland do not appoint a new Stadholder and take over his powers within the province.
1650, Dec. 15:	Royal troops defeat the Fronde army under Turenne at the Battle of Sommepy.
1650, Dec. 21:	Johan de Witt is made Pensionary of Dordrecht.

	[François Vrancx], Korte verthooninghe van het Recht, Amsterdam: Franciscus vanden Enden.
	[Adriaen vander Donck], Vertoogh van Nieu-Neder-land, The Hague: Michiel Stael.
1651
1651, Jan.:	The 'Great Assembly' at The Hague discusses the form of the Union, the functions of the Stadholder, the organization of the army, etc.
1651, Jan. 1:	Charles II is crowned King of Scotland.
1651, Spring:	In Middelburg and Dordrecht there are riots.
1651, Mar. 30:	A British Parliamentary mission to The Hague demands a "more strict and intimate alliance and union" with the Dutch Republic.
1651, Mar. 12:	Marianna van den Enden is baptized at the Posthoorn, Amsterdam.
1651, Mar. 30:	The Prince de Condé is released.
1651, Sep. 3:	Cromwell crushes the Royalist army at the Battle of Worcester and gains control over England.
1651, Sep. 7:	Louis XIV is declared an adult at the age of ten.
1651, Oct. 9:	The Navigation Act is passed by the English Parliament.
1651, Oct. 10:	The Vicar Apostolic of the Missio Hollandica, Philippus Rovenius, dies at Utrecht.

	Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, London: Andrew Crooke.
	Lambertus van Velthuysen, Epistolica dissertatio de principiis ivsti, et decori, continens apologiam pro tractatu clarissimi Hobbaei, De Cive, Leiden: Louis Elzevier.
	Andreas Tacquet, Cylindricorum et annularium libri IV, Antwerp: Jacobus Meursius.
1652
1652, Apr. 6:	Jan Anthonisz van Riebeeck establishes a settlement at Cape Town, South Africa.
1652, May 4:	The Augustine Bartholomé de los Rios y Alarcon dies at Madrid.
1652, May 19:	Spanish troops capture Gravelines.
1652, Jul. 2:	The Frondeurs under Condé are defeated at the Faubourg Saint-Antoine beneath the walls of Paris, but Condé and his army are allowed to seek shelter in the city.
1652, Sep. 16:	Spanish troops capture Dunkirk and drive the French out of Flanders.
1652, Sep. 12:	Franciscus van den Enden's Amsterdam art shop is declared bankrupt.
1652, Oct. 21:	Louis XIV returns to Paris and pardons all Frondeurs except Condé.
1652, Nov. 4:	The Jesuit mathematician and engineer Jean-Charles della Faille dies at Barcelona.

	Lieuwe van Aitzema, Herstelde Leeuw, The Hague: Jan Veely.
1653
1653, Feb. 28:	An English fleet under Blake defeats a Dutch fleet under De Ruyter and Tromp at the three-day-long Battle of Portland Bill.
1653, Mar. 14:	A Dutch fleet defeats an English fleet at the Battle of Livorno, as a result of which the English have to withdraw from the Mediterranean.
1653, Apr. 21:	Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump of the Long Parliament at the point of a sword.
1653, Jul. 23:	Johan de Witt is appointed Grand Pensionary of Holland.
1653, Aug. 10:	The Dutch admiral Maarten Harpertsz Tromp breaks the English blockade of Holland at the Battle of Scheveningen, but is killed in action.
1653, Aug. 25:	The royal army under Turenne defeats the besieging Spanish army under Condé at Arras.
1653, Dec. 16:	Cromwell is proclaimed Lord Protector.

	Jacobus Golius, Lexicon Arabico-Latinum, Leiden: Johannes & Daniel Elzevier.
	Petrus Serrarius, Goddelycke aandachten, Amsterdam: Salomon Savrij.
1654
1654, Jan. 26:	Recife, the last Dutch stronghold in Brazil, capitulates to the Portuguese.
1654, Feb.:	Joost van den Vondel's Lucifer is banned after two performances, because heaven and hell are shown on stage.
1654, Feb. 8:	At the marriage of Petrus Melis and Cornelia van Vlooswyck, Franciscus van den Enden's pupils perform the second book of Virgil's Aeneid.
1654, Apr. 5:	The Treaty of Westminster ends the First Anglo-Dutch War, but Cromwell forces Johan de Witt to agree to the Act of Exclusion, banning the Princes of Orange from being Stadholder.
1654, May 4:	The States of Holland pass the Act of Exclusion, but Johan de Witt has trouble winning a majority.
1654, Jun. 6:	Queen Christina of Sweden converts to Roman Catholicism and abdicates, leaving the throne to Charles X Gustavus.
1654, Jun. 7:	Louis XIX is crowned King of France.
1654, Oct. 12:	The powder magazine of Delft explodes, destroying many houses.

	Joost van den Vondel, Lucifer, Amsterdam: Abraham de Wees.
	Johannes de Raey, Clavis philosophiæ naturalis, Leiden: Johannes & Daniel Elzevier.
1655
1655, Jan. 7:	Pope Innocent X dies at Rome.
1655, Mar. 25:	Christiaen Huygens discovers Titan, the largest moon of Saturn.
1655, Apr. 7:	Pope Alexander VII is elected.
1655, Jul. 29:	The new Amsterdam town hall is officially opened, although it not yet has been completed.
1655, Sep.:	Cromwell receives Menassah ben Israel, who pleads for the readmission of the Jews into England.
1655, Sep. 26:	The Dutch director general of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, conquers New Sweden.
1655, Oct. 15:	England declares war on Spain.
1655, Oct. 24:	England and France sign a commercial treaty, but a secret clause stipulates that Charles Stuart has to leave France.
1655, Dec. 4:	The Conference of Whitehall is opened, to debate the readmission of the Jews into England.

	Isaac de La Peyrère, Præadamitæ, s.l. [Amsterdam]: s.n.
	David Pietersz de Vries, Korte Historiael, Alkmaar: Symon Cornelisz. Brekegeest.
	Lambertus van Velthuysen, Bewys, dat het gevoelen van die genen die leeren der sonne stilstandt, en des aertrycks beweging niet strydich is met Godts-woort, s.l.: s.n.
1656
1656, May:	Don Juan of Austria replaces Leopold Wilhelm as governor of the Spanish Netherlands.
1656, Jul. 20:	Rembrandt is declared bankrupt.
1656, Jul. 27:	A Dutch fleet under Obdam reliefs the Swedish siege of Danzig (present Gdansk, Poland).
1656, Jul. 27:	The philosopher Benedictus de Spinoza is banned from the Amsterdam Jewish community.
1656, Nov. 8:	The astronomer Edmund Halley is born in Haggerston, Shoreditch (near London).
1656, Dec.:	The monument to Jansenius in the cathedral of Ypres is destroyed by the authorities.
1656, Dec. 17:	The English Parliament convicts the Quaker James Nayler of blasphemy.

	James Harrington, The Common-Wealth of Oceana, London: J. Streater & Livewell Chapman.
	Blaise Pascal, Les Provinciales, Cologne:Nicolas Schaule.
1657
1657, Jan. 16 & 17:	Franciscus van den Enden's pupils perform a Latin play by Terence at the Amsterdam Theatre.
1657, Feb. 23:	With the Humble Petition, the crown is offered to Cromwell, but after several months he declines the offer.
1657, Mar. 23:	With the Treaty of Paris, France and England form an alliance against Spain.
1657, Apr. 2:	Emperor Ferdinand III dies and is succeeded by Leopold I.
1657, May 6:	Clara Maria Vermeeren is buried at Amsterdam.
1657, Jun.:	The Accademia del Cimento is founded in Florence by Prince Leopold and Grand-Duke Ferdinand II de' Medici .
1657, Jun. 16:	The Dutch States General grants a patent to Christiaen Huygens for his invention of the pendulum clock.
1657, Oct. 3:	French troops capture Mardick.
1657, Nov.:	A Dutch fleet under Obdam blockades Lisbon.
1657, Nov. 20:	The Jewish leader Menasseh ben Israel dies at Middelburg.
1657, Dec.:	The Académie de Montmor, the forerunner of the Académie royale des sciences, is founded at Paris.

	Franciscus van Schooten, Exercitationvm mathematicarum, Leiden: Johannes Elzevier (contains Christiaan Huygens's De Ratiociniis in Aleæ Ludo).
	[Franciscus van den Enden], Philedonius, Amsterdam: Kornelis de Bruin.
1658
1658, May 21 & 22:	Franciscus van den Enden's pupils perform a Latin play by Terence and a Greek comedy at the Amsterdam Theatre.
1658, May 28 &29:	Franciscus van den Enden's pupils perform a Latin play by Seneca at the Amsterdam Theatre.
1658, Jun. 14:	A Spanish army under Don Juan of Austria and Condé is defeated by a French army under Turenne at the Battle of the Dunes, near Dunkirk.
1658, Jun. 23:	The Dutch conquer the last Portuguese stronghold on Ceylon.
1658, Aug. 6:	French troops capture Veurne.
1658, Sep. 3:	Oliver Cromwell dies at London and is succeeded by his son Richard Cromwell.
1658, Nov. 8:	A Dutch fleet under Obdam defeats a Swedish fleet at the Battle of the Sound, opening the sea route to the besieged Copenhagen.

	Christiaan Huygens, Horologium, The Hague: Adriaen Vlacq.
	Pieter Cornelisz Plockhoy, The Way to the Peace and Settlement, London: Daniel White.
	Pieter Cornelisz Plockhoy, A Way Propounded, London: G.C. [Giles Calvert].
1659
1659, May 21:	France, England and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of The Hague, meant to bring stability to Scandinavia and the Baltic.
1659, Nov.:	Dutch troops help to lift the Swedish siege of Copenhagen.
1659, Nov. 7:	The Peace of the Pyrenees ends the war between France and Spain.
1659, Nov. 24:	The Dutch under Michiel Adriaensz de Ruyter defeat the Swedish troops that occupy Nyborg (Denmark).

	Christiaan Huygens, Systema Satvrnivm, The Hague: Adriaen Vlacq.
	Christophorus Wittichius, Consensus veritatis in Scriptura Divina et infallibili revelatæ cvm veritate philosophica a Renato Des Cartes detecta, Nijmegen: Adrianus Wyngaerden.