This chapter will make your triangle spin around. Since we are using world space coordinates, this is very easy. Let's first add a variable 'angle' to our class to store the current rotation angle. Just add it to your variables.

Now, increase this variable with 0.05f every time OnPaint is called. Add this to the end of the OnPaint class:

With our angle increasing automaticly, all we have to do is to rotate the world coordinates. I hope you remember from you maths class this is done using transformation matrices. Luckily, all you have to do is specify the rotation axis and the rotation angle. All the rest is done by Direct3D!

You should add the following line right before you actually draw the triangle, this is before the call to device.DrawUserPrimitives :

  device.Transform.World = Matrix.RotationZ(angle);

When you run the application, you will see that your triangle is spinning around its (0,0,0) point as expected! But imagine we would like to spin it through the center. One possibility is to redefine the point so the (0,0,0) would be in the center of our triangle. The better solution would be to first move (=translate) the triangle a bit to the left and down, and then rotate it. To do this, simply first multiply your World matrix with a translation matrix :

  device.Transform.World = Matrix.Translation(-5,-10*1/3,0)*Matrix.RotationZ(angle);

This will move the triangle so the (0,0,0) point is positioned in the gravity point of the triangle. Then our triangle is rotated around this point, giving us the wanted result. Please note the order of transformations. Go ahead and place the translation AFTER the rotation. You will see a triangle rotation around one point, moved to the left and below. You can easily change the code to make the triangle rotate around the Y or Z axis. Make sure to try one of them, to get the first feel of 3D. I bit more complex is the Matrix.RotateAxis, where you first have to specify your own custom rotation axis :

  device.Transform.World = Matrix.Translation(-5,-10*1/3,0)*Matrix.RotationAxis(new Vector3(angle*4,angle*2,angle*3), angle);

This will make our triangle spin around an every changing axe. To start next chaptern let's clear things up a bit. put the camera positioning in a new method CameraPositioning() and the vertex declaration in VertexDeclaration(). Since both of them need to be declared only once, we'll only call them in our Main method, so the OnPaint method will go faster. Don't forget to make vertices a variable in your class by adjusting its definition and placing this line in the top of your class :

  private CustomVertex.PositionColored[] vertices;

Here's the code:

using System;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Collections;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Data;

using Microsoft.DirectX;

using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;

namespace DirectX_Tutorial

{

      public class WinForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form

      {

            private Device device;

            private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;

            private float angle = 0f;

            private CustomVertex.PositionColored[] vertices;

            public WinForm()

            {

                  InitializeComponent();

                  this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint | ControlStyles.Opaque, true);

            }

            public void InitializeDevice()

            {

                  PresentParameters presentParams = new PresentParameters();

                  presentParams.Windowed = true;

                  presentParams.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard;

                  device = new Device(0, DeviceType.Hardware, this, CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, presentParams);

            }

            private void CameraPositioning()

            {

                  device.Transform.Projection = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI/4, this.Width/this.Height, 1f, 50f);

                  device.Transform.View = Matrix.LookAtLH(new Vector3(0,0,-30), new Vector3(0,0,0), new Vector3(0,1,0));

                  device.RenderState.Lighting = false;

                  device.RenderState.CullMode = Cull.None;

            }

            private void VertexDeclaration()

            {

                  vertices = new CustomVertex.PositionColored[3];

                  vertices[0].SetPosition(new Vector3(0f, 0f, 0f));

                  vertices[0].Color = Color.Red.ToArgb();

                  vertices[1].SetPosition(new Vector3(10f, 0f, 0f));

                  vertices[1].Color = Color.Green.ToArgb();

                  vertices[2].SetPosition(new Vector3(5f, 10f, 0f));

                  vertices[2].Color = Color.Yellow.ToArgb();

            }

            protected override void OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

            {

                  device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, Color.DarkSlateBlue , 1.0f, 0);

                  device.BeginScene();

                  device.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.PositionColored.Format;

                  device.Transform.World = Matrix.Translation(-5,-10*1/3,0)*Matrix.RotationAxis(new Vector3(angle*4,angle*2,angle*3), angle);

                  device.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 1, vertices);

                  device.EndScene();

                  device.Present();

                  this.Invalidate();

                  angle += 0.05f;

            }

            protected override void Dispose (bool disposing)

            {

                  if (disposing)

                  {

                        if (components != null)

                        {

                             components.Dispose();

                        }

                  }

                  base.Dispose(disposing);

            }

            private void InitializeComponent()

            {

                  this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();

                  this.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(500,500);

                  this.Text = "DirectX Tutorial";

            }

            static void Main()

            {

                  using (WinForm our_directx_form = new WinForm())

                  {

                        our_directx_form.InitializeDevice();